In this experiment, the effect of garlic (GP) AND tomato (TP) powders on performance, blood parameters, sex DIFFERENTIATION AND hatchability of Ross-308 broiler breeders were examined AND compared with In-Ovo injection of garlic or tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. In first experiment, 375 hens AND 25 roosters (47 wk.) were rANDomly allocated to 5 treatments AND 5 replicates, for 4 weeks. Treatments included: 1) basal diet (control), 2 AND 3) basal diet+ 2 AND 4 percent of GP, AND 4 AND 5) basal diet + 2 AND 4 percent of TP, respectively. In second experiment, 200 hens AND 20 roosters were rANDomly allocated to 2 treatments including 1) basal diet AND 2) basal diet + 4% of TP (selected treatment of the Exp. 1) in 5 replications from 52-56 wk. During incubation period, experimental treatments included: 1) control group, 2) eggs from hens fed 4% TP, 3) In-Ovo injection of physiological serum AND 4 AND 5) In-Ovo injection of 0.1 AND 0.3 ml of garlic AND tomato hydroalcoholic extracts. The results of first experiment, adding garlic AND tomato powders was not significant on egg qualitative traits AND blood parameters (P>0.05). All In-Ovo injection treatments increased fertility percentage (P<0.05). The second experiment results showed that treatments had no significant effect on the percent of males AND females (P>0.05). In general, addition of 4 percent tomato powder to broiler breeders in comparison to In-Ovo injection of hydroalcoholic extracts of garlic AND tomato, did not increase male 1-d-old chicks’ percentage of hatched chicks.

Introduction: Steoporosis is currently one of the prevalent diseases. The effect of exercise on BONE marrow density (BMD) has been documented for all age groups. The aim of this research was to compare the effects of endurance vs. resistance trainings on local BONE Mineral Density (BMD) changes. Materials AND Methods: Thirty-six volunteer female university students (age average: 22.58±1.56; Body Mass Index average: 22.85±2.17), with sedentary lifestyles, were selected AND rANDomly divided to three groups (n=12 in each group). These groups were determined as: The endurance group who ran for 36 sessions on a treadmill over a period of 3 weeks at 70 to 80 percent of the maximum heart-beat rate. They were required to run for 40 minutes per session on the other hAND, the resistance group received 36 circuit training sessions at the rate of 70 to 80 percent of 1RM with 6 to 8 repetitions in 3 sets with 2 minutes of rest in between. The third group of the study was the control group.Results: Both the endurance AND the resistance training protocols induced significant increases in BMD in the areas of lumbar, neck AND femur (P<0.05). However, the variation was more significant for the endurance group in the neck AND femur while it was in the aerobic group where better effects were observed in the lumbar region (P<0.05). Conclusion: There was no considerable differences between the two modes of exercise (i.e. endurance AND resistance) in terms of the increase of skeleton’s local BONE mineral density.

Objective: Articular cartilage as an avascular skeletal tissue possesses limited capacity to heal. On the other hAND, it is believed that the regeneration capacity of each tissue is largely related to its stem cell contents. Little is known about the presence of mesenchymal stem cells in articular cartilage tissue. This subject is investigated in the present study. Materials AND Methods: Articular cartilage was obtained from rats of Wistar strain AND subjected to enzymatic digestion using 1:1 ratio of 0.2% collagenase I AND 0.1% pronase. The released cells were then collected AND cultivated in 25 cm2 culture flask, which was resulted in the appearance of two morphologically distinct cell populations. Fibroblastic population were purified AND expANDed through several subcultures, using their loose adherence on culture surfaces AND examined in terms of DIFFERENTIATION potential. Results: The primary culture mainly contained polygonal cells with few fibroblastic cells among them. Upon the first subculture, the fibroblastic cells appeared as aggregates of few cells among the polygonal cartilage cells. It was found that the fibroblastic cell population could easily detach from the culture surface following to a brief exposure to tripsin solution. Using this property, these cells purified AND expANDed by several subcultures. According to the results, the isolated cells were able to easily differentiate into chondrocytic, osteocytic AND adipocytic cell lineages. Conclusion: It seems that articular cartilage contains a distinct fibroblastic cell population with mesenchymal stem cell nature. These cells can be purified AND expANDed by cell culture methods, thanks to their loose adherence on the culture dish surfaces.

Objective: Mesenchymal stem cvells (MSCs) have been known as an appropriate cANDidate for cell replacement therapy of tissue defects including those associated with skeletal system. These cells so far have been isolated from several tissue sources as BONE marrow (BM) AND amniotic fluid (AF), but little is known about the differences existed between the cells from these sources. This subject was considered in the present investigation.Materials AND Methods: Amniotic fluid AND BONE marrow cells were collected from NMRI mice AND culture expANDed through several passages. To ensure the MSCs nature, isolated cells were differentiated among BONE, cartilage AND adipose cell lineages. Moreover, the cells from two sources were compared to each other in terms of the proliferation rate, the potential of BONE DIFFERENTIATION AND the senescence in culture by calculating population doubling time (PDT), quantification of culture mineralization AND determining the culture beta-galactosidase positive cells respectively.Results: Culture-expANDed cells from either source appeared to be able to generate BONE, cartilage AND adipose cells upon providing with appropriate inductive microenvironment hence being MSCs in nature. The PDT value for AF MSCs was significantly less than that for BM MSCs (92.6±13.9 versus168±40 hours, p<0.05) indicating their more rapid proliferation in culture. According to our data, there was no significant difference regarding the mineralization of osteogenic cultures prepared from either cell, although the value of AF cells tended to be slightly higher than BM cells. With respect to the cell senescence, passaged-7 BONE marrow cells possessed statistically more beta galactosidase positive cells (57±6) than amniotic cells (39±4). This implies that BM MSCs reach senescence earlier than their AF counterparts.Conclusion: Collectively the results indicate some advantageous characteristics of AF derived MSCs over BONE marrow MSCs, suggesting that AF-MSCs would be an appropriate cANDidate for stem cell applications.

INTRODUCTION: FAT embolism syndrome (FES) is a serious circulatory condition that will occure afrer truma. This study was done in SanANDaj` Besat hospital during 1996-2000 to determine the rate of FES in ICU inpatients with BONE fracture. MATERIALS & METHODS: This analytic study was performed on 130 ICU inpatients. Data including demographic charactristics of the patients, number AND type of BONE fractures, prescribed medications, arterial oxygen pressure, patient outcome, intubation AND the time of FES signs was collected from patients file. Data was analyzed by SPSS win software AND x2 test. RESULTS: The prevalence of BONE fractures AND FES in men was 5 AND 30 times more than women respectively. The age of 64.5% of patients with BONE fractures was between 10 to 49 years. The age of 73.2% of patients with FES was between 20 to 49 years. 70% of FES patients had multiple fractures AND 75% of fractures was femoral BONE fractures. 53% of FES patients had been under mechanical ventilation. The average of hospitalization in FES patients was 7.7 days versus 7.5 days in other patients with fracture but without FES. There was significant relation between FES AND the patients` outcome (P<0.019). In FES patients mortality rate was 30% versus 12% in non FES patients. CONCLUSION: Because of the high mortality of FES as a consequence of long BONE fractures these fractures must be considered as an urgent situation AND preventive acivities including rapid fracture fixation AND drug treatmetn must be done to prevent FES.